Hemorrhoids
What are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins inside your anus and lower rectum. Hemorrhoids are graded I-IV based on size and location. They are further divided into internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line, and external hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line. When a blood clot (thrombus) forms within an external hemorrhoid, then a thrombosed hemorrhoid occurs.
What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?
Symptoms include pain, bleeding, swelling, prolapse or protrusion (a “bulge” noted on the outside of the anus), itching or irritation and soiling of underwear or anal leakage.
How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?
Your provider will obtain a complete history regarding your symptoms. Your provider may perform a physical examination including a digital rectal exam or evaluation with an anoscope. Endoscopic evaluation with either a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is also utilized to help diagnose hemorrhoids and exclude other causes of rectal bleeding, including cancer, polyps, colitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
How are hemorrhoids treated?
There are many treatment options for hemorrhoids. Initial therapy includes dietary and lifestyle modifications such as increasing fiber, adequate water intake, eliminating straining and excessive time on the toilet for a bowel movement, and physical exercise. There are many over the counter treatment options as well as prescription strength treatment options. Sitz baths are beneficial in decreasing inflammation as well as relaxing the sphincter muscles.
For hemorrhoids that persist despite the above initial or conservative therapy, infrared coagulation (IRC) can be attempted. IRC involves application of infrared light waves to the hemorrhoid tissues.
For larger hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid banding (rubber band ligation) can be performed. Rubber band ligation involves placing a rubber band around the internal hemorrhoid. For very large hemorrhoids, referral to a surgeon is often recommended.
Our experienced team of physicians and advanced practice providers at Associates in Gastroenterology can help you with your concerns, questions and management of all aspects of gastrointestinal and liver disease. We would love to be your gastroenterology practice. Please schedule an appointment either by calling us (719-635-7321) or by clicking here.
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